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    9/23/2009

    斜倚薰笼

     

    闲翻红楼,到正十二钗俱齐了几回,有如下一段话:

    宝玉听了,转步也便往潇湘馆来。不但宝钗姊妹在此,连邢岫烟也在那里,四人团坐在熏笼上叙家常呢。紫鹃倒坐在暖阁里,临窗作针黹。一见他来,都笑说:“又来了一个!可没了你的坐处了。”宝玉笑道:“好一幅‘冬闺集艳图’!⋯⋯

    这一幅“冬闺集艳图”,并不曾错过。“熏笼”这二字,却是第一次认真瞧见。我原读词,见着“蟾彩霜华夜不分,天外鸿声枕上闻。绣衾香冷懒重熏。人寂寂,叶纷纷”一类的章句,想当然觉得熏笼是如宝鼎香炉一样的物事,不管暮春仲夏点来在小姐的椒房里,熏熏裙衫衾枕,现在看来竟不是。既说是能供四人团坐,显然够大够平,当与床榻类似。不过,四个小姐围坐在床上聊天,又觉得场景太过奇特。莫非熏笼是炕么?

    略略翻书,这前后的两三回里,“熏笼”二字,倒被提了好几次:

    宝玉看着晴雯、麝月二人打点妥当,送去之后,晴雯、麝月皆卸罢残妆,脱换过裙袄。晴雯只在熏笼上围坐,麝月笑道:“你今儿别装小姐了,我劝你也动一动儿。” ⋯⋯⋯⋯ 晴雯笑道:“终究暖和不成的,我又想起来汤婆子还没拿来呢。”麝月道:“这难为你想着!他素日又不要汤婆子,咱们那熏笼上又暖和,比不得那屋里炕冷,今儿可不用。” ⋯⋯⋯⋯ 说话之间,天已二更,麝月早已放下帘幔,移灯炷香,伏侍宝玉卧下,二人方睡。晴雯自在熏笼上,麝月便在暖阁外边。

    宝玉回来,看晴雯吃了药。此夜宝玉便不命晴雯挪出暖阁来,自己便在晴雯外边。又命将熏笼抬至暖阁前,麝月便在熏笼上,一宿无话。

    这样看来,熏笼又显然不是炕了。北方以砖土砌炕,下有孔道,可以生火取暖。百姓人家炕道常与灶台烟囱相通,煮饭时烟气通过炕道,自然生热。贾府怡红院的炕当然不会通向灶台的,何况上段引的文字之时,大观园里连厨房也没有。不过,老妈子粗使丫头一大群,自然可以生火烧炕,冻不着小爷。

    由是可见,熏笼至少有三个特征:能睡人;比炕暖;可移动。

    陈洪绶有一幅《斜倚熏笼图》。

     

    陈是明末人,直活至顺治年间。他笔下的风俗用具,应与红楼梦中相似。从架上的鹦哥儿、小儿扑的蝴蝶与女子身上的衣衫来看,其画的应是早春、甚至是暮春景象。这里的熏笼不大,大体是竹篾子编的罩笼,下面大概可以放个火盆香炉,形状倒和防蝇的饭罩颇为相似。孟晖在《花间十六声》里说熏笼在冬天用来罩炭火炉,防止炭灰飞扬,四季亦可罩热水熏炉,用以熏香衣物,想来是指这种熏笼了。

    至于能睡人坐人,只好理解为贾府家大业大,用的物事也格外大。寻常百姓家的熏笼固然常用竹篾条,但是用木用石,乃至用金用玉,也并非毫无可能。网上写故宫内大殿、书房、内寝多设巨大熏炉,高三四尺(——那岂不是像鼎一样?)。那么熏笼做大些,也便不无道理了。第十三回说凤姐儿和平儿“灯下拥炉倦绣,早命浓熏绣被”,方才睡下,那恰恰也是个冬天,可不知她们是不是索性也睡在了熏笼上。

    “御纱新制石榴裙,沉香慢火熏”,“藕丝衫子柳花裙,空着沉香慢火熏”,与其说熏的是衣衫裙裳,不如说是一分闺阁心绪,两行相思珠泪,三更绵绵永夜。受恩时是金屋里御纱新制,失宠便如长门殿中慢火沉香皆成空。“红颜未老恩先断,斜倚熏笼坐到明”,倚的竟不是小心思小情调,是无穷无尽的缠绵回忆,剪不断理还乱的愁、悔、怨、恨⋯⋯是宁肯不识不知的不甘不愿,是无边无际的黑暗里看不到光的期待等待,是一样的春花秋月底下良人永不再来的凄凉悲凉。

    “斜倚熏笼,隔帘寒彻,彻夜寒于水”。朱颜不是“顿成憔悴”的,是在一更一更的残雪月华里,一夜一夜的塞鸿嘹唳里熬成了霜雪。还是《春闺梦》里唱得好:“终朝如醉还如病,苦倚熏笼坐到明。去时陌上花如锦,今日楼头柳又青。可怜侬在深闺等,海棠开日我想到如今。” 这些痴心儿女一冬一冬的夜不能寐,偷换去一年一年的光阴,倒是要谁来还呢?

    Comments (2)

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    鱼儿wrote:
    亲,你莫不是写到最后一段,想起《离魂》了?又“海棠开日”……说起陌上,有句超好的话,不知跟你提过没有:“陌上花开,可缓缓归矣。”
    你是何等幸福的小人儿,偏就喜欢揣摩这些个磨人的心思,被你说得我想起我的兔宝宝加湿器来了……吓得我料想今冬不能用,否则有得睡不着。。。
    我倒不知道“红颜未老恩先断”后面是这一句斜倚熏笼呢。。。我还蛮讨厌这句的,当年戏说乾隆里青主儿就喜欢念,女子太过自哀自怜求不来幸福,还不如她后来发飙那一句:我十三岁进宫,十五岁伺候皇上,现在二十几岁你就嫌我老?!
    Sept. 24
    风 汶wrote:
    从一篇博客就能看出博主对古代文化的造诣和深厚的文字功底,比我们这些没事无病呻吟的人强百倍,佩服佩服~
    Sept. 23

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